Types of Gantry Cranes for Tunnels, Subways, and Metros
Gantry cranes are available in a variety of configurations, each suited to specific needs. The following are the most common types of tunnels, subways, and metros constructed:
Single Girder Gantry Crane: Single-girder gantry cranes are lightweight and cost-effective, making them ideal for lifting medium loads. It has a horizontal beam supported by legs at both ends, making it suitable for situations where space is limited.
Double Girder Gantry Crane: Double-girder gantry crane has two horizontal beams that increase lifting capacity and stability. It is the first choice for heavy-duty applications such as lifting precast concrete segments, tunnel boring machines and excavation of muck.
Semi-gantry crane: A semi-gantry crane has one leg fixed to a wall or structure, while the other leg runs on a track. It offers a good balance between lifting capacity and space efficiency, making it suitable for areas with limited width.
Rubber Tyred Gantry Cranes: Rubber-tyred gantry cranes use wheels instead of tracks, allowing for greater mobility on uneven surfaces. It is particularly useful for applications that require frequent movement, such as during the initial stages of tunnel construction.
RTG (Rubber Tire Gantry Crane): RTG (Rubber Tire Gantry Crane) combines the mobility of rubber tires with the lifting capabilities of a twin girder crane. It is a good choice for handling precast concrete segments and other heavy elements in open spaces near tunnel entrances.
Advantages of Gantry Cranes for Tunnels, Subways, and Metros
Versatility: Gantry cranes can handle a variety of loads, from precast concrete segments to tunnel boring machines and excavated materials.
High Lifting Capacity: Double girder gantry cranes can handle large loads, making them essential for lifting heavy tunnel components and equipment.
Mobility: Rubber-tyred gantry cranes are flexible and can be moved around the construction site as needed.
Stability: Gantry cranes provide a stable lifting platform with their solid base structure, which is critical for safe operations in underground environments.
Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to mobile cranes, gantry cranes are a more cost-effective solution for repetitive lifting tasks within a specific area.
How Are Gantry Cranes Used in Construction of Tunnels, Subways, and Metros?
Gantry cranes play a vital role in various stages of construction of Tunnels, Subways, and Metros, as follows:
Lifted precast concrete segments: These precast segments form the walls and ceilings of tunnels and stations. Gantry cranes effectively lift and position these components during construction.
Transport Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM): A TBM is a large machine that digs tunnels. Gantry cranes are used to lift and assemble the TBM, as well as maintain it during operation.
Material Handling: Gantry cranes handle a variety of materials throughout the construction process, including rebar, pipes and excavated muck (debris).
Station construction: Gantry cranes assist in lifting and placing prefabricated station components, beams and roofing materials.
Specifications of Gantry Cranes for Tunnels, Subways, and Metros
Choosing the right gantry crane for tunnels, subways, and metros construction projects requires careful consideration of the following factors:
Lifting Capacity: Determine the maximum weight you need to lift. Double-girder gantry cranes are ideal for heavy loads, while single-girder gantry cranes are adequate for lighter tasks.
Lifting Height: Consider the vertical distance required to lift and position the material. Choose a gantry crane with sufficient lift height to meet your project needs.
Span: This refers to the horizontal distance that the crane can cover. Choose a span that is large enough to cover the entire work area.
Duty Class: This classification indicates the frequency and intensity of use the crane is designed to be used. Lighter workload cranes are suitable for infrequent lifting tasks, while heavier workload cranes can handle continuous operations.
Work area: Assess the available space and select a crane that can operate within the limited space. Consider factors such as ceiling height and lack of obstructions.
Maintenance of Gantry Crane
Regular maintenance is essential to keep gantry cranes operating smoothly and safely on tunnels, subways, and metros construction projects:
Routine Inspections: Visually inspect the gantry crane for any signs of damage, wear or loose parts. Check that moving parts are properly lubricated.
Weekly Inspections: Perform a more thorough gantry crane inspection, including checking the functionality of brakes, limit switches and safety features.
Regular Lubrication: Lubricate all designated points regularly to ensure smooth operation and prevent wear.
Regular maintenance: Regular maintenance inspections include replacing worn parts, checking wire rope integrity, and ensuring the correct alignment of components.
Records: Keep detailed records of all inspections, maintenance performed and parts replaced. This helps identify potential problems with the gantry crane and schedule preventive maintenance.
Precautions for Gantry Cranes in the Construction of Tunnels, Subways, and Metros
Environmental conditions: Tunnels and metro stations can be exposed to harsh conditions such as dust, moisture and extreme temperatures. Choose a gantry crane with appropriate weatherproofing and features suitable for these conditions.
Safety Features: Look for gantry cranes equipped with overload protection, emergency stop buttons and audible warnings to ensure operator safety.
Customization: For specific project needs, some manufacturers offer customizable gantry cranes with features such as variable speeds, specialized hooks, and extended spans.
Training: Make sure your crews are properly trained on the safe operating and maintenance procedures for the specific gantry crane model used on your project.
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